jackfruit cultivation

1. A BRIEF HISTORY

Jackfruit is the fruit of a tree crop that originated in India and spread to the tropics, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, this tree has several regional names include Nongko / jackfruit (Java, Gorontalo), Langge (Gorontalo), anane (Ambon), lumasa / malasa (Lampung), nanal or krour (Irian Jaya), jackfruit (Sunda). Some foreign brands are: jacfruit, jack (UK), jackfruit (Malaysia), kapiak (Papua New Guinea), liangka (Philippines), peignai (Myanmar), khnaor (Cambodia), mimiz, miiz hnang (laos), khanun (Thailand) , mit (Vietnam).

2. TYPES OF PLANTS

In Indonesia, more than 30 cultivars in Java, there are more than 20 cultivars. Based on the figure and the size of the jackfruit tree is divided into two groups, namely large jackfruit tree fruit and mini fruit jackfruit tree.

1) large fruit Jackfruit: high reaching 20-30 m; a trunk diameter of 80 cm and a lifespan of about 5-10 years begin to bear fruit.
2) small fruit Jackfruit: high reached 6-9 m; diameter trunk reaches 15-25 cm and a lifespan of about 18-24 months began to bear fruit.

Under the conditions of jackfruit meat can be divided into three types, namely:

1.               Jackfruit pulp: pulp thin, somewhat fibrous soft, hard flavorful easily separated from the fruit.

2.               Jackfruit bark: thick flesh, dry somewhat less harsh aroma. (Jackfruit and jackfruit wild boar bones).

3.               Jackfruit Cempedak: flesh thin, tough and specific aromatic. Jackfruit yielding varieties grown in Indonesia, namely: jackfruit bilulang / boar jackfruit, jackfruit jackfruit, jackfruit tray, kandel jackfruit, jackfruit turmeric, red jackfruit, jackfruit bark, mini jackfruit and jackfruit misin.

3. BENEFITS OF PLANTS

1.               Meat young jackfruit (tewel) used as vegetable food.

2.               Jackfruit seed flour is used as raw material for the food industry (food ingredients mix).

3.               Young leaves can be used as animal feed.

4.               Jackfruit wood is considered superior to teak for making furniture, turning the building construction, mast, mast horses and stables for cows (in Priangan), paddle, utensils, and musical instruments.

5.               Jackfruit tree can be used as traditional medicine.

4. INVESTMENT CENTER

The main fruit is even regarded as a staple food during food shortages. In Southeast Asia, jackfruit mainly kept in the yard and orchard fruit mixture; in the 1980s several large fruit orchard ditanamai jackfruit as crop intercropping with jackfruit. Because the fruit is easy to rot, do not trade exports to Australia, Europe and so on canning factories in Malaysia.

5. TERMS OF GROWTH

5.1. Climate

1.               The wind plays a role in helping to pollinate flowers on the plant jackfruit.

2.               Jackfruit tree is suitable to grow in areas that have an annual rainfall average of 1500-2500 mm and the dry season is not too loud. Jackfruit can be grown in dry areas, namely in areas that have dry months more than 4 months

3.               The sunlight is indispensable jackfruit to spur photosynthesis and growth, because this tree include intolerant. Lack of sunlight can cause a disruption of the formation of flowers and fruit as well as growth.

4.               The average minimum air temperature 16-21 degrees C and a maximum air temperature of 31.5 degrees C. 31-

5.               High humidity needed to reduce evaporation.

5.2. Growing Media

1.               Jackfruit trees maintained in various types of soil, but prefers the alluvial, sandy clay / clay argillaceous deep and well irrigated.

2.               Generally, the preferred soil is loose soil and a little sand. These trees live on fertile land barren until the reaction conditions acid to alkaline soil. Even on land gambutpun this tree can grow and produce fruit.

3.               Jackfruit tree is resistant to low pH (acid soil) with a pH of 6.0-7.5, but the optimum pH 6-7.

4.               Depth of ground water suitable for the growth of jackfruit are 1-2 m or between 1-2.5 m. Because the roots are very deep, it should be planted in the soil enough teball upper layer (approximately 1 m).

5.3. Height Places

Jackfruit tree can grow from start lowlands to altitudes of 1,300 m above sea level. But the best altitude for growing jackfruit is between 0-800 m above sea level.

6. GUIDELINES FOR RAISING

6.1. Seeding

1) Requirements for Seeds

Generally, jackfruit plant propagation is done by using the seeds, because perbanyakkan with graft or grafting only a small percentage become. This may be due to the content of latex that can inhibit the process of unity. Selection is done from the nursery if you want to get jackfruit that are superior (fast fruitful, able to produce a lot of fruit quality and resistance to pests and diseases). Some things to consider in choosing good seeds are:

1.               Seed should come from the type or variety of superior (high production, good quality fruit, long-lived and resistant to pests and diseases).

2.               Seeds should be healthy that can be seen from the figure a solid, strong trunk, straight and grows upright, branching much and leaves the top of the fresh green and shiny.

2) Preparation of Seeds

Seed treatment include washing carefully to remove the skin and discard seeds slimy pericarp in the form of a horn section; This treatment will improve germination. Sowing seeds while still fresh; if necessary short-term storage, the seeds should not be allowed to dry. Seeds that have 40% of its original water content and stored in airtight plastic container, with air temperature of 20 degrees C is still able to germinate for 3 months. In adequate conditions of germination can be initiated after 10 days and reached the germination percentage of 80-100% within a period of 35-40 days after sowing. Seed should be placed horizontally or with hilumnya down for germination. How to breeding jackfruit tree by grafting requires special skills and experience and finished lower percentage. Advantages include rapid fruition and its parent can be used as the base diturunkan.Tanaman below is jackfruit saplings / Cempedak the origin of the beans.

Okulasinya way is as follows:

1.               Cut a wooden eye (eye entras) of the stem jackfruit, with skin approximately 2 cm from the top to 2 cm below the eye. Wood carried disposed of carefully so that the growing point is not damaged eye.

2.               Cut the base of the tree bark, approximately 10-20 cm above the root collar with a width of 2-3 cm and a length of 3-4 cm. Ungkitlah of wood and kukit tongue was cut in half. Put your eye into the base of the tongue under the bark of trees, in such a way, the eyes are still visible above the tongue cut tree bark. Then tie with raffia and eyes still sticking out (not to be oppressed).

3.               On successful grafting, after 8-14 days raffia ties should be discarded. When the shoots have grown along 1-10 cm, tie shoots at the top of the tree, so that the growth of shoots straight and not damaged because of wind rocked. Materials for the graft is taken from young branches / twigs had been in the tree branches / twigs new shoots that are in bud tree branches and twigs that have not been productive. An implant is done before the rainy season so that the roots can grow well. However, an implant is done in the dry season, but should be watered regularly.

How to grafting is done by peeling skin around 3-5 cm in width. Wounds that have been created are left to dry in the wind of 1-2 days. Then cuts the top smeared hormone Rootone F, then covered with soil or humus berkompos that has been moistened and wrapped with coconut fiber or plastic that has been given a small holes.

3) Techniques Seeding Seed

Seeds sown / planted into plastic bags that are already available in the beds as deep as thick as seed, after it closed down a thin layer of soil. Seeds will germinate with average germination and percent so plants ± 90%. Dipotkan young seedlings at the latest after four strands leafy, because older seedlings difficult to Transplanting (transplanting). This difficulty can be overcome by 1-2 sow the seeds directly into the container. The most suitable seedlings are kept in the shade (50-70% full sunlight intensity).

4) Maintenance Nurseries / Seeding

For seedlings from seeds, watering is done regularly each morning. Seedbed should be given shade that is not too tight and facing towards the east in order to prevent water evaporation that is too rapid. For seed of Graft, watering can be done regularly every day to prevent dryness. Watering is done if there is no rain. Seedlings from the graft should be given a new shade when transferred so as not withered.

5) Transfer of Seed

Seeds will be transported to the field planting should be watered beforehand. Transporting seeds to the field planting is done early morning or evening and done with caution. Demolition of seedlings in the field done carefully as in the carriage. If the seed transport distance is far enough, the seeds that have been dismantled treated first be some days before planting. These seeds (from seed) can be planted in the field when she was young once, namely before the roots grow out of the pot, because the roots can be lethal disruption of the seed. Seedlings must also have a height of 50-75 cm and 1-1 1/2 months old. Seedlings of grafting can be planted in the field at the age of 6-8 months. If the length of shoots have reached 2-30 cm, cut the top of the tree base and the wound closed paraffin. For grafting should be done when the air is clear and no rain. Seedlings from the graft, usually after 1-2.5 months, many deep-rooted graft and graft can be taken. Once weaned several days, grafts can be planted in the field.

6.2. Media Processing Plant

1) Preparation

Before planting carried out, it should be done based on the results of field inspection and field inspection determined the boundaries areal.Faktor the factors that influence the growth of plants such as weeds jackfruit, waterlogging, soil structure and texture patterns must be addressed / controlled. For the cleaning action of the field in total, setting drainage and tillage especially in places that would be made ​​planting hole.

2) Establishment of Beds

Some of the provisions that need to be considered in making the nursery as follows:

1.               The size of beds vary but are typically used between 5 x 1 m or 10 x 1 m.

2.               Beds arcing towards the North to the South and the edges reinforced with bamboo, red stone, or wood as well as the elevated surface of 10-15 cm above the ground.

3.               Between beds is 0.45 m and each 5-10 m beds made ​​road checks about 60-100 m.

4.               The drains are made ​​along the left and right of inspection.

5.               Seedbed given shade with palm roofs or sarlom. Section facing east made ​​higher than that facing the West.

6.               In a prepared seedbed plastic bags that have been filled in and has been given the growing medium small holes in the bottom. Growing medium used a mixture of topsoil soil, organic fertilizer, and fine sand in the ratio 2: 1: 1. The size of the plastic bags used 20 x 30 cm with 0.08 mm thick and black.

3) Liming

If the soil pH is too acidic or alkaline it is necessary to do some efforts in order jackfruit can grow and provide optimal results. If too acidic (pH <5) can be added lime, if too alkaline (pH> 7) can be added sulfur. The dose used depends on soil conditions, but as a guideline 1 kg of lime or sulfur to 1 m 3 planting hole.

4) Fertilization

In the planting hole, the result of excavation soil mixed with manure 20 kg / hole and dolomite 0.5 kg / hole (to raise pH). The soil mixture is inserted into the hole 2-3 weeks before planting. A week before planting grant NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) 100 grams into the planting hole.

6.3. Planting Techniques

1) Determination of Planting Pattern

Pattern yard effort was farming on land around the house. This result is not solely for sale but mostly for their own consumption. While the pattern of the garden is planting on land that is much broader than the yard with consideration of the results to fulfill the needs of the market, sufficient capital and labor available and its land in accordance with the requirements of a growing jackfruit. Business pattern can be shaped garden garden plants and garden plants pure mixture. On pure plant gardens planted only one type of plant that is entirely planted with jackfruit. While in mixed farms, jackfruit trees mixed pineapple, papaya, and so on. Jackfruit tree orchards are maintained at a distance of planting 8-12 m, in a square pattern or hexagon: common density is 100-120 stems / ha. Planting distance between the planting hole 12 x 12 m or 4 x 6 m. 2) Preparation and Planting hole Planting hole made ​​with a size of 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m or 1 x 1 x 0.5 m. At the time of digging the planting hole, the top soil is separated from the ground bottom. Top soil mixed with manure that has been cooked as much as 20 kg per hole. Hole has been excavated soil is left open for 1-2 weeks, in order to get sunlight so well oxidized. To avoid obstacles acidic soil, excavated soil mixed with dolomite / agricultural lime as much as 0.5-1 kg per planting hole and the soil mixture is inserted into the hole 2-3 weeks before planting. For soil that is too heavy, besides tilling sand can be added as much as 0.5 cans per hole. A week before planting grant NPK (15-15- 15) 100 grams into the hole penanamn if necessary. Or grafting seedlings planted seedlings and sturdy upright in the middle of the planting hole. The distance between the planting hole 12 x 12 m or 4 x 6 m.

3) How Planting

Planting is done afternoons or mornings at the beginning of the rainy season is when rainfall is quite evenly. Seedlings planted in holes that are already available, perpendicular. Before the seeds are planted, plastic bags should be discarded. If planting is done outside of the rainy season or due to climatic abnormalities, namely the rainy season suddenly changed into dry again, then planted seedlings need to be watered regularly.

4) Making Holes in mulch

Mulching around tree jackfruit is necessary; especially during the dry season to improve soil moisture. However, during the rainy season mulch is not necessary because it can bring fungal attack. Mulch can also be incorporated into the soil as fertilizer organi, giving twice per year greatly assist the growth of plants. Administration of compound fertilizer plant conducted in Malaysia with a dose of 2-3 kg per tree.

6.4. Plant Maintenance

1) Spacing and Stitching

Stitching dead plant done when it's still raining in the first year and second year.

2) Weeding

Weeding or freeing plants from weeds or plant pests attack carried out by clearing weeds manually / chemical from jackfruit plant with a radius of 1-2 m. Chemical weed control using herbicides for example Paracol 1.5 liters in 600 liters of water per hectare or Roundup 2-3 liters in 800 liters of water / ha. The first weeding is done 1-2 months after planting, then every 2-4 months were carried out for 2-3 years. Weeding is done manually or chemically.

3) Fertilization

Organic fertilizers such as manure or compost 1-2 times a year as much as 20 kg per plant. Inorganic fertilizer application made ​​one week after planting with a dose of 100 grams of NPK per plant. The second fertilizing at the age of 6 months at a dose of 150 grams of NPK per plant. The third fertilization is done on the plant life of 12 months at a dose of 200 grams per plant. Fertilization fourth at the age of 18 months at a dose of 250 grams per plant and fifth fertilization performed at the plant age of 24 months at a dose of 300 grams per plant. Furthermore, for plants that are flowering on infertile land can be added organic fertilizer 650 grams / tree.

To increase the plant needed additional foliar fertilizer to stimulate the formation of leaves. Giving leaf fertilizer do interval from 2 weeks to 17 months of age plants. Foliar fertilizer types used Gandasil D / Bayfolan.

4) Irrigation and Watering

Jackfruit plants require good drainage. Watering is necessary to increase productivity. Jackfruit plants have roots in, does not require flooding during the dry season because jackfruit plants less tolerant of flooding. Its roots are still able to absorb water in deep soil. Provision of additional water is required during the first two years of growth.

5) Other Maintenance

Pruning is done on the part of the plant that are infertile and unproductive. Pruning is done to the jackfruit tree branch, titled lush that sunlight is not blocked so as to stimulate the inflorescence. Pruning is limited to thinning shoots when the trees began to be planted and slightly cutting the branches that contain fruit pieces for easier reach to be wrapped and then harvested. Pruning branches intended to regulate fertilization, because the female flowers appear on the main stem or primary branches. Stimulation of flowering is done by wounding, drill / tie rod. The goal of treatment to inhibit the assimilation result leaves so as not meyebar to all parts of the plant, but to stimulate flowering. In order jackfruit results are good and large, do thinning fruit. Fruit began to grow wrap in bags / paper cement already dicelupakan into insecticide solution. It could also be wrapped with woven leaves, for example using palm leaves or coconut matting. This action may prevent attacks of rodents or bats, and lure the ants that can repel other insects in order to obtain fruit whose skin is smooth and bright.

7. PEST AND DISEASE

7.1. Pest

Diaphania caterpillar caesalis ie shoot borers, making a tunnel to the buds, young shoots, and fruit. Cutting the affected areas decided leaf life as caterpillars will become pupae in the tunnel; fruit wrapped or protected with insecticide sprayed Thiodan 35 EC. Fueling the bark; caterpillars form Indarbela tetraonis and batocera rufomaculata eradicated with bloat their holes / sprayed with a systemic insecticide containing the active ingredient karboril (Sevin 85 S). Beetles proboscis (weevil) is attacking brown buds, Ochyromera artocarpi, a typical pest jackfruit. Tempayaknya (grubs) into the buds and fruits are still soft, the adults feed on the leaves. Parts of the affected plants were destroyed, and the necessary insecticides. Menyeruaknya membrane-winged beetles (spittle bug), Cosmoscarata relata, eating the young leaves. Nymphs live together in a mass of foam which is secreted by them; nymphs collected and destroyed. Larvae of the fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis and D. umbrosus often attack the fruit. To avoid attacks, jackfruit should be wrapped; fruit is ripe or overripe bergeletakkan not be left in the ground, but should be buried in the grave-and penyemnprotan the bait can be done. Other pests are a variety of sucking insects, such as fleas flour, aphids, white flies, and 'thrips', also caterpillars adhesive leaves (leaf webber). Jackfruit other pests are ladybugs Helopeltis (Miridae, Hemiptera). Nymphs and adults suck the liquid ladybugs young plant parts (leaves and fruit). Egg size of 1.5 m, laid out in a manner inserted in the plant tissue. The incubation period of 5-7 days. Nymph and adult ladybugs varied colors, green or yellow-black and orange yellow. Experiencing 5 times instar period. Adult ladybugs length ranges from 6.5-7.5 mm with the ability to lay up to 18 eggs. Some of them are natural enemies such as parasites are Euphorus Helopeltis, Erythmelus Helopeltis and as a predator is Sycanus leucomesus, Isyndrus sp. and Cosmolestes picticeps. To control the population is usually controlled by natural enemies when high populations can be done with insecticides such Lannate 25 WP, Atabron 50EC.

7.2. Disease

Flunky dead bacteria (Erwinia carotovora) often attack the jackfruit tree, also Cempedak. The fungus was first attacking the shoots and down the next editorial. Violent attacks can kill the tree. In India dilaporakan attack root rot and stem rot fungus carried by Rhizopus artocarpi that cause keruguian plants to 15-30%. These fungi generally attack the flower buds. Some diseases are quite important between lkain Colletotrichum lagenarium, Phomopsis artocarpina, Septoria artocarpi, and Corticium salmonicolor. The fungus mostly attacks in the rainy season. Cutting parts of the affected plants will be also built overcome many attacks, in addition, field sanitation and fertilization can improve plant health.

8. HARVEST

8.1. Characteristics and Harvest

Fruit maturity is determined by the following criteria:

1.               If the fruit is pounded with objects (eg knife back) will berbuyi loud.

2.               Fruit skin color changes from pale green to greenish yellow or brownish.

3.               Distinctive odor or smells good.

4.               Soft start and distance prickly thorn with a thorn other one is widening

5.               Rind looks like will be broken.

8.2. How to Harvest

How to picking ripe jackfruit is the handle cut with a sharp knife and jackfruit was lowered carefully. Large jackfruit tree bear fruit at the age of 5-10 years, while jackfruit mini at the age of 1.5-2 years. In general, ripe fruit after 8 months since the flowers appear.

8.3. Harvest Period

The maximum age of 20-30 years of fruit production, after it had to be replanted. Results of fruit per tree per year generally range from 8-12 a variety of fruit / tree / year.

9. Postharvest

9.1. Collection

Jackfruit collected by the contractor or brought directly to market and sell to retailers or cut and removed one by one to be sold directly to consumers.

9.2. Storage

Nagka thick flesh was often extracted, cleaned, and sold in an extract fresh. If the supply is abundant, jackfruit preserved, how are: pulp separated from the seeds, then washed, flattened, and dried added sugar or syrup, or without being given anything. The processed products are sold as a dry cake. In peninsula Malaysia made ​​canning.

9.3. Other Handling

Meat jackfruit used to scent ice cream and drinks / made ​​honey jackfruit, concentrate, or flour and used in the manufacture of beverages. Jackfruit seeds can be made ​​of jackfruit seed flour is mixed into dlam wheat flour for bread making. Use of jackfruit seed flour as a partial substitution of wheat flour ingredient in the manufacture of cookies and BMC (Food Ingredients Mixture).

10. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CROP CULTIVATION

10.1. Analysis of Cultivation

Approximate analysis of crop farming fruit jackfruit large 1 ha in 1999 in Sukabumi (West Java).

1.               Production costs year 1

1.               Land of 1 ha @ m 2 x Rp. 15.000, - USD. 15.000.000, -

2.               150 tree seedlings @ Rp. 50.000, - USD. 7.500.000, -

3.               Fertilizer

§ Cage 9500 kg @ Rp. 60, - USD. 570.000, -

§ 1400 kg of urea @ Rp. 1.600, - USD. 2.24 million, -

§ TSP 1400 kg @ Rp. 1.500, - USD. 2,100,000, -

§ KCl 1400 kg @ Rp. 1.600, - USD. 2.24 million, -

§ NPK 1400 kg @ Rp. 2.800, - USD. 3.92 million, -

§ Hormone / mineral 70 liter @ Rp. 3.500, - USD. 245,000, -

4.               Drugs and pesticides

§ Insecticides 150 liters @ Rp. 5.000, - USD. 750.000, -

§ Fungicides 150 liters @ Rp. 5.000, - USD. 750.000, -

5.               Tools and building

§ Buildings and wells Rp. 2.500.000, -

§ Spray equipment 2 units @ Rp. 75.000, - USD. 150.000, -

§ Hoe 2 pieces @ Rp. 5.000, - USD. 10.000, -

§ Sickle 2 pieces @ Rp. 3.500, - USD. 7000, -

§ Fork 2 pieces @ Rp. 3.000, - USD. 6000, -

§ Machete 2 pieces @ Rp. 7.500, - USD. 15.000, -

§ Pruning shears 3 pieces @ Rp. 5.000, - USD. 15.000, -

§ Pruning saws 2 pieces @ Rp. 6.000, - USD. 12.000, -

§ Bucket 5 pieces @ Rp. 3.000, - USD. 15.000, -

6.               Labor and equipment

§ Wages 5 bok 12 x 2 x Rp. 30.000, - USD. 3,600,000, -

§ Clothes 5 x Rp. 45.000, - USD. 225.000, -

§ THR 5 x Rp. 25.000, - USD. 125.000, -

7.               Freelance workers

§ Make the planting hole 15 OH @ Rp. 3.000, - USD. 45.000, -

§ To foster and grow 25 OH @ Rp. 3.000, - USD. 75.000, -

o Total production costs year 1 USD. 42.115 million, -

2.               Revenue and profits

1.               Year-to-5 product to 1: 0,25x150x30xRp. Rp 30,000. 33.75 million, - Gain the USD. 33.75 million - Rp. = 42.115 million - Rp. 8.365 million, -

2.               Year-to-6 product to 2: 0,25x150x60xRp. Rp 30,000. 67,500,000, - then Advantages Rp. 67,500,000-Rp.8.365.000 + Rp. 16.765 million USD. 42.37 million, -

3.               Average investment perpohon: Rp. 175 096, -

Description: in the 7th year profit may cover investments already incurred.

10.2. Agribusiness Opportunity Overview

Prospects jackfruit can actually be quite bright. Perrmintaan fruit commodities have always showed an increase, both domestically and abroad. Unfortunately, the magnitude of the demand can not be matched by production. The condition was partly due to the scarcity of jackfruit plantation managed by agribusiness approach. Prospects for expanding jackfruit in Southeast Asia rather bleak. The tree and its fruit has some vices: the results difficult to calculate, both quality and time, the loss in yield, due to disease and pests, it smelled too menyenga and fruit size is too large that reduces the potential for the export market. Akibatnaya economically yields are lower when compared with for example sweet starfruit, jackfruit and guava. Maintenance of superior cultivars is a crucial step in closing the difference between potential and cultivation. There are several new cultivars and taste lure consumers who are used to eat it; These cultivars can be used to penetrate other markets. If cultivars can shift the population derived from seed, it is easy to learn phenotype into the tree, remembering all the trees of the cultivars have the same genotype. It means the difference between trees in the rhythm of growth, flowering time, the intensity of pollination, fruit set and yield may be caused by environmental factors. So a cultivar phenology observations in various environments can provide a picture of how the functioning of the tree and gives a sign to set aside the results of the limiting factors. Jackfruit role in the future based on the general use of stud material through clones and their good understanding of the phenology of trees and fruit luxuriance.

11. STANDARD PRODUCTION

11.1. Scope

Standard production include: classification and quality requirements, sampling method, test methods, packaging and labeling requirements.

11.2. Description ...

11.3. Classification and Quality Standards ...

11.4. Sampling

One party / lot fresh jackfruit which comprises a maximum of 1,000 containers or 1,000 pieces, samples taken at random from the number of packages or number of pieces with the following conditions:

1.               The number of fruits / number of packs in the party / lot: 1-5, sampling all.

2.               The number of fruits / number of packs in the party / lot: 6-100, taking contohminimum 5.

3.               The number of fruits / number of packs in the party / lot: 101-300, minimum sampling 7.

4.               The number of fruits / number of packs in the party / lot: 301-500, minimum sampling 9.

5.               The number of fruits / number of packs in the party / lot: 501-1001, sampling the minimum 10.

From each randomly selected packaging taken at least three pieces and then mixed. To pack the contents of less than three taken one fruit. The sampling officer must be qualified, that is, those who have been trained in advance and given the authority to do so.

11.5. Packaging

Jackfruit should be packed in accordance with the intended market. Generally packed with a capacity of 10-12 kg cardboard boxes or packed in bamboo basket / timber or wooden crate with a capacity of 35-50 kg. Label or hangers that accompany each package must be easily seen and shows
information:

1.               Indonesian production.

2.               Name of company / exporters.

3.               Jackfruit cultivar name.

4.               Quality classes.

5.               The amount of fruit in the packaging.

6.               Gross weight.

7.               Net weight.

8.               The identity of the buyer at the destination.

9.               Harvest date.

12. REFERENCES

1.               Anonymous, 1975. Planting Fruit Trees Volume II. Canisius Foundation, Jakarta

2.               Anonymous, 1993. National Superior Fruit Variety. Bonus Poster No. 289- December 1993 / Year XXIV

3.               Anonymous, 1984. misin jackfruit, jackfruit and Cempedak Association. Bulletin of Agricultural Information, 1983/1984; No. 05. Department of Agriculture.

4.               Harry, NR, 1994. Jackfruit. In Prosea Information Sheet. 7. PROSEA Indonesia- PROSEA Foundation, Bogor. Hal: 41-42

5.               Heyne, K, 1987. Useful Plants Indonesia Mold I. FORDA, Jakarta

6.               National Biological Institute LIPI, 1977. Fruits Second Matter. PN. Balai Pustaka, Bogor

7.               Saptorini, N, Eti Widayati, and Lila Sari, 1994. Make Quick Fruiting Plants Edition VIII. Publisher: Penebar Organization, Jakarta

8.               Suharti, Sri and Aaron Alrasyid, 1993. Technical Guidelines Fruit Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk). Technical Information No. 41. Research and Development Center of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Bogor

Source: Management Information System Development in Rural Areas, BAPPENAS